Concepts & Definitions.

• mutexes: a locking mechanism to synchronize access to a shared resource

• Semaphores: a signaling mechanism to control access to a shared resource

• Deadlock: programming error where a collection of tasks are all waiting for a lock/semaphore but the lock is not available and no tasks are configure

• Barrier Synchronization: a programming concept to align a collection of threads to a specific execution point; sometimessupport added to hardware

• Channels a method for interprocess communication (local or remote)

Sources:

• University of Cincinnati
• Quora
• medium/itIsMadhavan